Calciumand phosphorus form the building material of bones and teeth. Their insufficient intake from food significantly contributes to improper development of teeth and their damage. The appropriate level of calcium in the body depends not only on its intake from food, but also on its absorption. Calcium is needed for muscle contraction, hormone release, blood clotting and nerve impulse transmission.

Calcium is an element essential especially fordevelopmentandbone mineralization, which is closely related to their health. Dietary recommendations for calcium vary throughout life. Higher requirements for calcium intake are especially during periods of rapid growth, such as childhood and adolescence. Insufficient calcium intake in childhood can increaserisk of fractures and ricketsand prevent reaching peak bone mass at a later age.

Calcium and phosphorusIt forms the building material of bones and teeth. Its insufficient intake from food contributes to improper development of teeth and their damage. Phosphorus is involved in energy metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis and cell signaling.

Adequate phosphorus intake in childhoodand adolescence is necessary to achieve maximum bone mass in young adulthood, which is decisive for bone mineral status in later life.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin that is needed formaintaining normal body functions.

For example, it is essential for the formation of collagen, which makes up almost a third of all body proteins. Collagen is a component of bones, cartilage, ligaments, corneas and eye lenses, skin, intervertebral discs, teeth, tendons, gums, blood vessels and heart valves. It is also essential for the synthesis of muscle carnitine, which is necessary for the transport of fatty acids in mitochondria for energy production.

Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation and the normal function of bones, teeth, cartilage, gums, skin and blood vessels. Official statement EFSA study 1